ADHD and Increased Dementia Risk

A recent study published in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences explores a potential link between adult ADHD and increased dementia risk, shedding light on the neurological mechanisms that may underpin this connection. Researchers found that adults with ADHD displayed higher levels of iron in key brain regions associated with cognitive function, alongside blood biomarkers indicating nerve damage, both of which are characteristics observed in people with dementia.

The study, involving 32 adults with ADHD and 29 matched controls, used advanced brain imaging (quantitative susceptibility mapping) to assess iron accumulation. Researchers also measured neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in blood plasma, a marker for axonal damage. Findings showed iron build-up particularly in the precentral cortex and cerebral white matter, regions vital for voluntary movement and neural communication. Raised NfL levels in ADHD participants further supported evidence of neuroaxonal injury.

Dr Steve Allder, Consultant Neurologist at Re:Cognition Health, who was not involved in the study, provided expert commentary in an article published on Medical News Today. He highlighted the significance of iron in neurotransmitter synthesis, especially dopamine, already known to be dysregulated in ADHD. However, excess iron may lead to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, increasing the risk of long-term cognitive decline. He noted that the study offers an important perspective but emphasised the need for larger, long-term research to determine whether iron dysregulation directly contributes to dementia risk or whether other factors, such as genetics, medication or lifestyle, also play a role.

While iron is essential for brain function, this study reinforces concerns about its accumulation and potential to contribute to neurodegeneration. The link between ADHD, iron overload and cognitive decline presents a promising avenue for future research into neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions alike.

For individuals with ADHD concerned about long-term cognitive health, there are proactive steps that may help reduce the potential risk of neurodegeneration and support cognitive health:

• Stay physically active – Regular exercise supports brain health and reduces oxidative stress.
• Eat a balanced diet – Focus on foods rich in antioxidants (e.g. berries, leafy greens, nuts) and nutrients that support brain function.
• Prioritise sleep – Good sleep hygiene helps regulate mood, attention and cognitive performance.
• Manage stress – Techniques like mindfulness, breathing exercises or therapy can help lower chronic stress levels.
• Follow ADHD treatment plans – Consistent use of prescribed medication and behavioural strategies can reduce neurological strain.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol – Both are linked to increased risk of cognitive decline and should be minimised.
• Look after your heart – Maintaining healthy blood pressure, cholesterol and weight benefits brain health too.
• Stay informed – Keep up to date with research and attend regular health check-ups, including cognitive assessments if advised.

Read the full article on Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/study-suggests-why-adhd-might-increase-dementia-risk