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The latest report from the Lancet Commission presents groundbreaking findings suggesting that treating failing eyesight and high cholesterol could be pivotal in lowering the risk of developing dementia. The identification of 14 modifiable health issues that could theoretically prevent nearly half of global dementia cases is particularly promising. Middle-aged individuals and those in poorer countries stand to benefit the most from addressing these risk factors.
The report predicts a troubling rise in dementia cases, potentially doubling to 153 million by 2050. However, it offers a hopeful message: it’s never too late to take preventive action. With 45% of dementia risk factors being modifiable, significant impact can be achieved through targeted health interventions. Recommendations include making hearing aids accessible, ensuring quality education, supporting smoking cessation, encouraging physical activity and reducing high cholesterol and blood pressure from mid-life onwards. Additionally, addressing obesity, excessive drinking, social isolation and air pollution, along with providing adequate vision care, are critical strategies.
While some experts caution against overestimating the direct causality between these factors and dementia, the consensus is clear: a healthier lifestyle can enhance brain resilience and reduce the risk of dementia. Governments must prioritise reducing health inequalities, making healthy lifestyles attainable for all. This multifaceted approach, while challenging, holds immense promise for reducing the global burden of dementia and improving the quality of life for millions.
Whilst prevention is always better than treatment or cure, early diagnosis and new-generation medications in clinical trials offer hope for altering the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Obtaining an early diagnosis for cognitive impairment is crucial, ideally well before it advances to the stage of dementia, where independence is lost. Advancements in medical science have led to the development of sensitive diagnostic biomarker tests and innovative medications currently in late-phase clinical trials. These new treatments aim to slow or even stop the progression of the disease.
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